How can I run a Windows executable from WSL (Ubuntu) Bash

Along with *Windows 10 Anniversary update* for summer 2016, came the possibility to run *ubuntu* binaries inside the new [Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wsl/2016/04/22/windows-subsystem-for-linux-overview/), a "lightweight" virtualized subsystem. Unfortunately, launching `C:\Windows\System32\bash.exe`, another `bash` ELF binary starts a process inside the WSL, from where you cannot escape! You may launch only other ELF binaries. So how can I execute `*.exe` files from Windows Bash?[1] [1] Question asked also in [Microsoft's "official" GH support repo](https://github.com/Microsoft/BashOnWindows/issues/333).